The Use and Perception of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Pakistan: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.

There is now substantial evidence of the effectiveness and popularity of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in helping smokers to quit in high-income countries (HIC). ENDS are also now available and becoming popular in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), including Pakistan. There is a great deal of research on the use of ENDs in HICs although their use and role in LMICs is not documented, which may differ due to social, cultural, economic differences and accessibility. We plan to investigate how ENDS are perceived and used in Pakistan –a high-tobacco burden country. Using qualitative methods, we will explore perspectives of cigarette smokers, ENDS users and sellers, health practitioners, policy makers and civil society.