July 2020 to Mar. 2021 The use and perception of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Pakistan: A qualitative exploratory study. There is now substantial evidence of the effectiveness and popularity of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in helping smokers to quit in high-income countries (HIC). ENDS are also now available and becoming popular in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), including Pakistan. There is a great deal of research on the use of ENDs in HICs although th...